Low Blood Phosphate. Global cerebral amyloid burden was natural log transformed to normalize variance. doi: 10.3233/JAD-160025, Khatoon, S., Grundke-Iqbal, I., and Iqbal, K. (1992). Association of homocysteine with hippocampal volume independent of cerebral amyloid and vascular burden. Overall, 27.5% of patients were treated with phosphorus supplements. Sci. calcium remained relatively low. Ther. 69, 978–985. To investigate the relationship between serum phosphorus and global cerebral Aβ deposition, partial correlation analysis was used, with correction for the influence by the different covariates (CV; age and sex). A low blood phosphate level is known as hypophosphatemia; an elevated level is termed hyperphosphatemia. Trace Elem. Indeed, Li et al. Dhingra, R., Gona, P., Benjamin, E. J., Wang, T. J., Aragam, J., D'Agostino, R. B. Sr., et al. Comparison of ROC curves was performed according to a previous report, DeLong et al. (2008). All participants underwent standardized clinical assessment by trained psychiatrists, based on the KBASE protocol, which corresponded with the Korean version of the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Packet (CERAD-K) (Lee et al., 2002). doi: 10.1083/jcb.115.3.717, Canzoniero, L. M., and Snider, B. J. (2011). J. Alzheimers Dis. J. Neurochem. To identify the relationship between serum phosphorus level and risk of accumulation of global cerebral Aβ, relative risk (95% confidence interval) tests were conducted. SMASH – semi-automatic muscle analysis using segmentation of histology: a MATLAB application. Cerebral Aβ deposition in AD is tightly associated with tauopathy characterized by hyperphosphorylation of tau in postmortem brains of AD (Morishima-Kawashima and Ihara, 2002; Bloom, 2014). Ann. Magnes. doi: 10.1016/j.nicl.2013.02.006, Choe, Y. M., Sohn, B. K., Choi, H. J., Byun, M. S., Seo, E. H., Han, J. Y., et al. 31, 211–225. 19 Pathophysiologic implications, clinical presentations, and treatment. 118, 103–113. 57, P47–P53. Acad. Relations of serum phosphorus and calcium levels to the incidence of cardiovascular disease in the community. doi: 10.1097/NEN.0b013e3181919a48, Palop, J. J., and Mucke, L. (2010). Neuroimage 21, 1428–1442. 55, 306–319. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059005, Hardy, J. The results with Aβ deposition was compared with the serum levels of phosphorus. Neurovascular pathways to neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease and other disorders. Individuals with MCI (age 55–90 [inclusive]) met the following criteria: (a) memory complaint reported by themselves or reported by an informant or a clinician; (b) presence of objective memory impairment; (c) intact functional activities; and (d) non-demented. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(97)10535-9, Wenham, P. R., Price, W. H., and Blandell, G. (1991). Keep track of your phosphorus levels and discuss them with your healthcare team. 12, 723–738. (2002). The Supplementary Material for this article can be found online at: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnagi.2017.00362/full#supplementary-material. Amyloid β peptide induces tau phosphorylation and loss of cholinergic neurons in rat primary septal cultures. J. Neurosci. (1998). Fiske, C. H., and Subbarow, Y. The levels of zinc and copper were determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) using a Varian 820-MS ICP mass spectrometer (Bruker, Victoria, Australia). Res. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.10.017, Takashima, A., Honda, T., Yasutake, K., Michel, G., Murayama, O., Murayama, M., et al. Nutr. Phosphorus is a mineral that combines with other substances to form organic and inorganic phosphate compounds. We measured cerebral Aβ deposition in 182 cognitively impaired subjects using PiB-PET and compared the results with their serum levels of phosphorus. Overall, 27.5% of patients were treated with phosphorus supplements. 12, 812–818. Brain 135, 2126–2139. Although Aβ deposition can be measured by positron emission tomography (PET) using radioactive ligands, like Pittsburgh compound B (PiB), it is very expensive and not commonly accessible (Kang et al., 2016; Park et al., 2017). Conclusions: This study supports that low serum phosphorus level is associated with mortality in patients with acute ischemic stroke. doi: 10.1016/0140-6736(91)92823-K, Wisniewski, T., Ghiso, J., and Frangione, B. 362, 329–344. A. Variables were logarithmically transformed to adjust skewness of the distribution and to normalize variance. We show that the deposition of cerebral Aβ correlates with the decreased serum levels of phosphorus. This is especially appropriate for patients who are severely malnourished, according to the authors. Hypoth. PLoS ONE 11:e0163659. Phosphorus is also naturally occurring in the blood. PiB-PET imaging-based serum proteome profiles predict mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. No relationship between elements and body mass index (BMI) and brain Aβ deposition or serum phosphorus (A–E) Elements (calcium, iron, zinc, and copper) and an indicator (BMI) which can reflect the health conditions are not associated with both cerebral amyloid deposition (left graphs) and serum phosphorus levels (right graphs). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. Background: This study aimed to evaluate the predictive performance of low serum calcium and phosphorus in discriminative diagnosis of the severity of COVID-19 patients. (2012). Body mass index (BMI) showed no significant association with cerebral Aβ deposition either in cognitively impaired subjects (Figure 3A). A normative study of the CERAD neuropsychological assessment battery in the Korean elderly. Evaluation of atlas selection strategies for atlas-based image segmentation with application to confocal microscopy images of bee brains. J. Gerontol. Even if you have CKD, there are reasons why your phosphorus level may be too low, and you may need treatment for that. 137, 17–38. Through a weekly clinical review panel meeting (chaired by DL) with a clinical review panel composed of several geriatric psychiatrists, clinical neuropsychologists, and psychometrists, individuals were allocated to either MCI group or ADD group. 19, 311–323. Front. Brain 131, 665–680. Sci. AUC value was significantly enhanced by combining the two variables (AUC, 0.757–0.800; Figure 2A, gray and black line; Figure 2B, p = 0.0343, comparison of ROC curves analysis). According to the authors, the lowest levels of serum phosphorus generally occurred on the fourth day of hospitalization. β-amyloid fibrils induce tau phosphorylation and loss of microtubule binding. The BMI value declines at the preclinical stage but not after the onset of AD (Gu et al., 2014). 2. 70, 311–321. Secreted β-APP stimulates MAP kinase and phosphorylation of tau in neurons. In acute hypophosphatemia, the phosphate level in blood suddenly falls dangerously low. Automatic anatomical brain MRI segmentation combining label propagation and decision fusion. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163659, Yumoto, S., Kakimi, S., Ohsaki, A., and Ishikawa, A. Dis. Medicine 79, 1–8. Those who had moderate hypophosphatemia were significantly more malnourished than those who did not. Because of these findings, hyperpara-thyroidism appeared unlikely, and the absence of symptomatic improvement with vitamin D therapy and adequate diet was against a diagnosis of osteomalacia. Alzheimer Res. doi: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2012.00473.x, Tzourio-Mazoyer, N., Landeau, B., Papathanassiou, D., Crivello, F., Etard, O., Delcroix, N., et al. J. Inorg. Fibrillar amyloid-β burden in cognitively normal people at 3 levels of genetic risk for Alzheimer's disease. doi: 10.1017/S1355617704101094, Lee, J. H., Lee, K. U., Lee, D. Y., Kim, K. W., Jhoo, J. H., Kim, J. H., et al. (2016). Relationship between serum phosphorus and risk of cerebral amyloid deposition in cognitively impaired subjects. (2016). Res. doi: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2010.02.002, Wasiak, T., Ionov, M., Nieznanski, K., Nieznanska, H., Klementieva, O., Granell, M., et al. Microchem. This work was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of the Seoul National University Hospital and SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, South Korea. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. But in general, most CKD patients need to control their phosphorus level. Study concept and design by J-CP, S-HH, DL, and IM-J. Figure 3. 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