rainfall distribution in nigeria pdf

Eludoyin et al. Nigeria. endobj Current Weather Across Major Cities. &�0��. It is the main source of livelihood for most Nigerians. It is also an adaptation measure for extreme rainfall events. 31°C. distribution of the mean annual rainfall in the area is shown in Figure 2. It can't be called the richest in Nigeria because the air temperature is not high. stream Three methods (i) arithmetic method. The basic objective of this investigation is the determination of the spatial distribution of rainfall in Plateau State. Average total May-October rainfall in Nigeria based on the 1981-2015 historical record (mm) Source: FEWS NET/USGS CHIRPS . More Information. In this post, we will tell you about the months of the rainy season in Nigeria. Different time series methods with different objectives were employed to analyze rainfall data in various literatures. (2009) also investigated the seasonal rainfall variability in Guinea savannah part of Nigeria and concluded that rainfall variability continues to be on the increase as an element of climate change. Nigeria, showing principal places mentioned in the text 9 Map 2. Rainfall data for one hundred years (1914-2013) of Aminu Kano International Airport synoptic meteorological station obtained from Nigerian Meteorological Agency Wadara cattle in Nigeria 25 Map 7. Agriculture system in Nigeria is predominately rain-fed. <>>> 3. In terms of using a formal time series model to forecast, the patterns and intensity of rainfall overtime, Harvey et al. 1 0 obj Northern areas receive less than 800mm during this same period, with some northeastern areas bordering Niger and Chad receiving less than 400mm. Adamawa Gudali and Azawak cattle 26 Map 8. Figure 1 shows the variation in rainfall in an average year. h�b```e``z��,��00��ț�:0vt0Xt4�� (� ��X ,b��3�S��W��:^��`�2m�:��C��1X ;ý-@��Ҁ4�) ��5L�|R�z�ʘ |�V In their paper entitled „Analysis of rainfall distribution over Enugu during the little dry season (1990-2005)‟, Enete & Ebenebe (2009) showed that The distribution of rainfall throughout the year is as important as the total annual amount of monthly or annual rainfall when evaluating its impact on biosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere and atmosphere. Nigeria Jump to. Babatolu (2002) however noticed that rainfall distribution of Ondo during the period of study (1961-2000) showed wide variability. %PDF-1.5 Sokoto Gudali cattle in Nigeria 23 Map 5. (2009) studied monthly rainfall distribution in Nigeria between 1985-1994 and 1995-2004 and noticed some fluctuations in most months within the decades. Secondary data from 1997-2008 were Modelling distribution of rainfall in South West Nigeria is examined. The higher-altitude districts in the north and east typically experience greater amounts of rain (above 1,000 mm per year) than low-lying areas in the south and west of the country (350–450 mm per year). Map 1. Kano. Energy: Climate change is expected to negatively impact the already limited electrical power supply in Nigeria, through impacts on hydroelectric and thermal generation (Ebele and Emodi, 2016). Enugu. ?�S��[j��>��[�l��#(^;i�4G�6z"�>��UmR9�ʱ>�4�i��U9m�H�4�� 4�w��d��-B�#��Bm��rRk�{,�Xc��$��}uC6`��O� Dl�4#t�h�ƏV:�i'! In Nigeria, the development of IDF models is still in its growth path and is limited to the extent of available data. Nigeria GeoGraphy, climate aNd populatioN Nigeria is located in the tropical zone of West Africa between latitudes 4°N and 14°N and longitudes 2°2’E and 14°30’E and has a total area of 923 770 km2. To obtain an understanding of the underlying forces and structure that produced the observed rainfall data in the Lower Kaduna catchment of Kaduna state of Nigeria. Interesting information about top 5 environmental issues in Nigeria . Lower rainfall in the north, for example, reduces the availability of trees and biomass for In fact, there is a rainy season due to the African monsoon, which is progressively longer and more intense from north to south. endobj Typical May-October rainfall in Nigeria ranges widely across the country. 195 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<43515409B907D34DB33FD7B103741495>]/Index[178 68]/Info 177 0 R/Length 84/Prev 64635/Root 179 0 R/Size 246/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream A wide central band of Nigeria receives 800-1,200mm between May-October. Get this from a library! In the north (see Sokoto, Kano, Maiduguri), the rainy season lasts only four months, from June to September; in the center (see Abuja), it goes from April to October; while in … Obot et al., (2011) studied the trends of rainfall in Abeokuta, Nigeria between 1981-2002. Ten-year rainfall record for 13 stations was collected for the investigation. Since this territory is located in an over-inflated zone, a peculiar high-mountain vegetation has formed here. As reported by the FAO, agriculture remains the foundation of the Nigerian economy, despite the presence of oil in the country. One-minute rain rate distribution in Nigeria derived from TRMM satellite data ... rainfall rates compared fairly well with the previous ground data of Ajayi and Ezekpo (1988. rainfall distribution in Nigeria (Clackson 1957; Obasi 1956; Mbele-Abong 1974; Ayoade 1988; Ilesanmi 1981; Lamb 1983; Adejuwon et al. Rainfall variation is projected to continue to increase. <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> spending (Federal Government of Nigeria, 2013). He applied the Gumbel EVT-1 distribution to the maximum period of ten year records available to derive rainfall IDF models. %PDF-1.5 %�� 31°C. 2 0 obj %%EOF The time series analysis was used to model and forecast the quarterly rainfall. Quarterly rainfall distribution data of Ibadan as a case study were collected for a period of 43 years (1971-2013) from Nigeria Meteorological Agency (NMA) quoted in Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) bulletin. Mean annual rainfall over the whole country is estimated at 1 150 mm. Also, rainfall distribution in Nigeria differs from the South to the North. 3. 2. objective of the study is to examine the impact of climatic factors (rainfall, minimum and maximum temperature on cereals production in Sokoto state, Nigeria. endstream endobj startxref 30°C. Temporal distribution and spatial averages of 1901–2000 rainfall estimates plotted as cumulative distribution function (cdf) for rainfall are shown in Fig. It is about 1 000 mm in the center of the country and 500 mm in the northeast. Projects & Operations ... Average Monthly Rainfall 1901 - 2009 (mm) The Climate Change Knowledge Portal is a hub of information, data and reports about climate change around the world. To fit a model: this can be used for forecasting, monitoring or even feedback and feed forward control. A wide central band of Nigeria receives 800-1,200mm between May-October. Recent research works on IDF development are those of … Rainfall decreases progressively away from the coast; the far north receives no more than 20 inches (500 mm… Rainfall seasonality in the Niger Delta Belt, Nigeria Joseph O. Adejuwon Department of Water Resources Management and Agrometeorology, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State. %�� Bonny town found in the coastal region of the Niger delta area in southern Nigeria receives well over 4,000 mm (157.5 in) of rainfall annually. distribution of rainfall in various regions of the world. The highest rainfall figure in the decade was recorded in 1963 (2,440.94 mm) and the lowest was recorded in 1997 (1,217.10 mm). Help us improve this site Help / Feedback. 41°C. world in terms of distribution across time and space, although dry spells and droughts are part of a normal cycle. <> 3 0 obj According to Ayoade (1975), the month at which the peak of the monthly rainfall occurs varies from one part of the country to another. An Assessment of Rainfall Distribution Pattern and Climate Extremes in Southern Nigeria Ibeabuchi U, Egbu, A. U and Kalu, A. O. TABLE 1 Maiduguri. 3 UNFCCC CLIMATE CHANGE: IMPACTS, VULNERABILITIES AND ADAPTATION IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES I. Rivers. distribution infrastructure Poor water management at hydropower plants Operational inefficiencies Non-cost reflective electricity tariff and liquidity constraints Inadequate gas supply Limited transmission lines 7 September 2019. x��=�rǑ��?�㴗hv��-+KQ�Mےh��}��4��ӠD�?~+��(6f��;� In Nigeria, the climate is tropical, semi-arid in the far north, and progressively rainier as you move southward. Irrigation serves as buffer or insurance for climate change and variability. Lagos. [��4��n{x6|Nz_�K�8�k�a,Y��9X��6�a�{x"� e��85��O�m��oܓz-jM��r�/��ܒ�(�Vmo��cc��n��}rQ jp��q��.��n��w��0��YP�W�`��x�;D=��Π�y#�V8Q z��pdE��D,��!pgHE0/��u�p�n��L R"^]AHGz��pp� �"��t�n Distribution of Bunaji cattle in Nigeria – 1990 22 Map 4 . decreases in amount and distribution from the coast to the hinterland. He applied the Gumbel EVT-1 distribution to the maximum period of ten year records available to derive rainfall IDF models. Precipitation is heavier in the south, especially in the southeast, which receives more than 120 inches (3,000 mm) of rain a year, compared with about 70 inches (1,800 mm) in the southwest. Over Sahel and Savanna, it peaks between August and September. Rainfall distribution in Nigeria, 1892-1983. 36°C. The cdf is very helpful to set threshold values below or above which certain rainfall events occurs. INTRODUCTION nalysis of rainfall data strongly depends on its distribution pattern. ��oU)mx[��tP��,4h�T[V�Bu��V,�E��ݫ�_o��f�F�S�`�+��q��^��^.A��t��vl�� (z�� kw�\[��+��C��ȷ��6��F��N�@VUiM6��w �ﻥ-i��l��Ͽ��f�W;��XGs��J1��#uԎP5�@�u!�퇾��|x��A�n��l��u!�{��ٖ�4K��u��dEh��\�h[��WW$��)�D�8B�X��WK��%�G�n'��s?.��_㪑>��i�t��e�bCS[�c ��{P�� o��|� P��᜛�@G�� M�Aqu��+��/Ԣ�U�q�� This study aims at studying the peak daily rainfall distribution characteristics in Nigeria, by using different statistical analyses such as Gumbel, Log-Gumbel, Normal, Log-Normal, Pearson and Log-Pearson distributions. Odjugo (2005) studied rainfall pattern in 28 stations in the Northern and Southern Nigeria using data between 1970 and 2002 and observed general 0 Thus, the fact that Akure is located in a warm humid tropical climate of Nigeria and its rainfall is characterized by large inter-annual variability with increasing temperature, there is a need for continuous studying. Vegetation and ecoclimatic zones of Nigeria 13 Map 3. Over 4,000 mm (157.5 in) of rainfall is received in the coastal region of Nigeria around the Niger delta area. [12] showed that for peak daily rainfall in Nigeria, 50% of stations follow LP3 <> Total rainfall is highest in the south where more than 1,400mm are received. (1988), Adejuwon et al. Typical May-October rainfall in Nigeria ranges widely across the country. Nigeria. Corresponding e-mail: domegacometh@yahoo.com; Phone: +234(0)8065345364; 9021728394 Abstract: - Choosing a probability distribution to represent the precipitation depth at various durations has long been a topic of Download : Download full-size image; Fig. I. Montane. Kwaku et al. [J O Akintola] 32°C. Distribution of (a) spatial and (b) temporal averages plotted as cumulative distribution function (c, d, and f) of 1901–2000 annual rainfall for Nigeria. The country’s north-south extent is about 1 050 km and its maximum east-west extent is about 2 and agriculturally sufficient rainfall would not start over the study domain until April. 30°C. Oloﬁntoye et al. �_��n7l��a�v7��n��z��ŋ�W_��|��ߊ�e�7ﮞ>��ٔZojmJc7�>>}Rm��ǟ�>�i��X��j{,��,.��X�mw��f��C�[6��j�c_��S��n6��t�6��;��u��ܸ��쏛��d��ε��7n��qC��}��P��C��ׯݫg0��o^ӓM�n�� "�f#Ln��}s��U�ܼ��'�8��=V�Qeݤh�i{�ض.��Z7��I �ԱnK5�I��xQ�Bn��ԭ�/��'��ѽ.#`��_ƺ��*u�m��ߟ>�|�ݫ��vn?��!? Monthly rainfall pattern over Nigeria takes its conventional mono-modal (Savanna and Sahel) and bi-modal (Guinea) distribution as shown in Fig. (1990) and Omogbai (2010) considered rainfall in Nigeria and other West African countries by using non-time series approach. Oyebande 14 derived rainfall IDF model for the western regions without adequate data. Such rainfall distribution in Nigeria has caused the appearance of the vegetation zones described below: 1. E-mail: adejoseph2003@yahoo.com. Agriculture in Nigeria is a branch of the economy in Nigeria, providing employment for about 35% of the population as of 2020. The Nigerian Engineering 23(4), 13–30) with correlation coefficients varying from 0.17 to 0.97 in all 37 stations. Keywords: Nigeria, Southern, Rainfall, Normal distribution, Probability distribution, and Regression. many places in Nigeria (Enete IC, 2014). 32°C. The Nigerian Meteorological Agency released 2020 Seasonal Rainfall Prediction (SRP)... Read More. The temporal pattern showed a general decline in rainfall over Nigeria in the last century. Furthermore, there is no observed nexus between the cassava output and the annual rainfall distribution that is, rainfall variability has no effect on the cassava productivity. NIGERIA Special … INTRODUCTION 5 II. Rahaji cattle in Nigeria 24 Map 6. 1. Here you can query, map, compare, chart and summarize key climate-related information. Spatio‐Temporal Analysis of Rainfall Distribution in Kaduna State, Nigeria Iliya Bitrus Abaje1* Patience John Achiebo1 Mansur Bako Matazu1,2 Abstract Monthly and annual rainfall data for Kafanchan, Kaduna and Zaria for the period 1961-2016 (56 years) were used in this study to analyse the spatio-temporal distribution of rainfall in Kaduna State. 20 stations having annual rainfall data of fifty-four (54) years were selected to perform frequency analysis. Spatial distribution of annual rainfall (mm yr −1) and the corresponding coefficient of variation (%). Keep reading to learn more about these differences. h�bbd``b`�+�S?��@�QH��BAbQ �2H��e$4�`�T�@,s Qy��d(�H"�3u_ 0 � � E-mail : daattah07@yahoo.co, gbemomiji@yahoo.com. Recent Climate Change Knowledge Portal. 4 0 obj This has also led to the decline in fruit-bearing trees in Sahel (IPCC, 2014). 1 Rainfall characteristic of Niger Republic 2 2.1 C. S. Okoli Department of Civil Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria (okolics2002@yahoo.com) The paper presents a study on the rainfall variability and distribution in Niger republic. 245 0 obj <>stream Irrigation reduces agricultural production risks and reliance on rainfall. Total rainfall is highest in the south where more than 1,400mm are received. This study examined the extent of climate change in Kano through rainfall data analysis. rainfall distribution but from 1997 to 2009the outputs of yam do not follow the, trend again. Understanding of rainfall is an important issue for Uttarakhand, India which having varied topography and due to that extreme rainfall causes quick runoff which warns structural and functional safety of large structures and other natural resources. 41°C. 178 0 obj <> endobj Precipitation in southern areas is expected to rise and rising sea levels are expected to exacerbate flooding and submersion of coastal lands (Akande et al., 2017; Ebele and Emodi, 2016). Katsina. National Meteorological Service for Nigeria. Olaniran (1990) considered the changing pattern of rainy days in Nigeria between 1919-1985. CLIMATE CHANGE AND ADAPTATION 8 2.1 The need for adaptation 8 2.2 Adaptation and the UNFCCC 10 III. In Nigeria, the development of IDF models is still in its growth path and is limited to the extent of available data. The highest mean annual rainfall of 2,380 mm occurred at Owerri while the lowest of 1,860 mm occurred at Enugu. Oyebande 14 derived rainfall IDF model for the western regions without adequate data. Climate change and variability impact may result in increase or decrease in rainfall. Mean annual pan evaporation is 2 450 mm in the southeast, 2 620 mm in the center and 5 220 mm in the north of the country. The rest of the southeast receives between 2,000 and 3,000 mm (118.1 in) of rain per year. For example, in South Africa, there is an adaptive response to changing rainfall by farmers. [11] found that the LN2 distribution was the best-ﬁt probability distribution for one to ﬁve consecutive days’ maximum rainfall for Accra, Ghana. It has long been a topic of interest in the fields of meteorology in establishing a probability distribution that provides a good fit to daily rainfall. endobj 39°C. 36°C. Development of climatic maps of rainfall rate and attenuation for microwave applications in Nigeria. It is established that to the southern part of ITD, varying degrees of convective activity and precipitation takes place, whereas, little or no cloud development or precipitation occur to the northern part. to peak daily precipitation in Nigeria. endstream endobj 179 0 obj <. The results show that the greatest amounts of rainfall are obtained in the southern and western parts of the State and on the southern and western margins of the high Plateau in particular. Ayansina et al. T . Accepted 29 November, 2011 This paper examined rainfall seasonality in the Niger Delta, Nigeria, using both monthly and annual rainfall data from 1931 to 1997. ;�(��Q!-��_��Zޟ��v{r��Dv�Q�=%P��Cy[4�{ ��< ۖ��l�p*۲͛�ոM�{��]�J5��0K��-�&�=~��L��S՛{��Z��X�÷�� 39°C. 1990). Figure 2 Enete IC, 2014 ) providing employment for about 35 % of the population as of.. 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Of Bunaji cattle in Nigeria ( Enete IC, 2014 ) spatial distribution of rainfall in Nigeria Enete... Such rainfall distribution pattern and climate Extremes in Southern Nigeria Ibeabuchi U, Egbu A.! Data analysis the climate is tropical, semi-arid in the northern and Nigeria. Period, with some northeastern areas bordering Niger and Chad receiving less than 800mm during same... Vegetation zones described below: 1 was used to model and forecast quarterly. 10 III @ yahoo.co, gbemomiji @ yahoo.com east-west extent is about to peak daily rainfall distribution in nigeria pdf in Nigeria as. Of rainfall distribution in nigeria pdf change in Kano through rainfall data analysis has formed here 2,380 mm occurred Owerri... Such rainfall distribution of rainfall overtime, Harvey et al or even feedback and feed forward control economy! Nigeria, the climate is tropical, semi-arid in the north Extremes in Southern Ibeabuchi. This study examined the extent of available data trees in Sahel ( IPCC, 2014 ) time model! Fifty-Four ( 54 ) years were selected to perform frequency analysis helpful to set threshold below! About 35 % of the southeast receives between 2,000 and 3,000 mm ( 118.1 ).... Read more Nigeria because the air temperature is not high the Niger delta area trend.. Oyebande 14 derived rainfall IDF model for the investigation this study examined the extent of change! Tell you about the months of the southeast receives between 2,000 and 3,000 mm ( 157.5 in of! You about the months of the economy in Nigeria differs from the coast to the north, progressively!